see http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstr...t30_report.pdf

for a project report on new radiator designs, including carbon foam; it also mentions new coolants based with nano-particles of titanium dioxide. That chemical is a primary component in lots of paints. Has photos, drawings, and the math. The vortex generator model looks a little like a Disco front grille, they say the increased turbulence is good on certain designs. So one day we may be able to buy better coolant, and radiators could be 200% better than current, how they would hold up in off road would be interesting. When they introduce the nono particles to coolant, wonder if that will erode water passages in an engine block or head, kind of like soil particles in water sculpting the rocks we admire on the trails.